Onyx is a unique and eye-catching semiprecious stone that has been popular for carving and jewelry making for thousands of years. But where does this beautiful black and white banded stone come from?
The Major Onyx Deposits
Onyx formations occur in many countries around the world, but some regions are particularly well-known for their abundant deposits and high-quality onyx stone.
India: One of the top sources of high quality onyx is India. Major deposits are found in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Indian onyx is renowned for its bands of white and black that are clearly defined.
Brazil: Brazil is another key exporter of natural onyx stone. Its onyx deposits are concentrated mainly in the northeastern state of Piauí. Brazilian onyx stands out for its reddish-brown, white and beige banding.
Mexico: Significant onyx reserves have been found in multiple areas of Mexico such as the states of Sonora, Baja California, Guerrero and San Luis Potosi. Mexican onyx varies from translucent to opaque and often features reddish hues.
United States: There are a few places in the US where limited quantities of onyx are extracted, predominantly in Arizona and California. The onyx found is not as plentiful or high grade as other global sources.
Pakistan: Deposits of onyx have been found in northern Pakistan near the capital Islamabad as well as in the western province of Balochistan near the Iran border. The onyx here has striking band patterns.
Turkey: High quality banded onyx has been quarried in sites across Turkey including the Anatolian region of central Turkey as well as areas around Istanbul and Bursa.
Mining and Processing
Onyx deposits are excavated from quarries using specialized cutting and blasting techniques. The blocks are then cut into slabs and polished to reveal the interior banding before being shipped out for sale.
Some onyx is treated to enhance or alter its natural patterning and hue. Dyeing and heating techniques can be used to create unnatural colors and increase the stone's density and luster. Untreated, natural onyx is becoming rarer and more valuable.
The unique banded beauty and luxurious feel of natural onyx ensures it will continue to be a popular semiprecious stone. While sources may be limited, skilled miners and stone workers can unveil mesmerizing one-of-a-kind pieces from onyx deposits around the world.
